各位代表：現(xiàn)在，我代表國(guó)務(wù)院，向大會(huì)報(bào)告政府工作，請(qǐng)予審議，并請(qǐng)全國(guó)政協(xié)各位委員提出意見(jiàn)。
Fellow Deputies,On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval, and I invite comments on my report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).
一、工作回顧
I. A Review of the Work in 2014
過(guò)去一年，我國(guó)發(fā)展面臨的國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)環(huán)境復(fù)雜嚴(yán)峻。全球經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇艱難曲折，主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體走勢(shì)分化。國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力持續(xù)加大，多重困難和挑戰(zhàn)相互交織。
Over the past year, the international and domestic environments faced by China in its development have been complicated and challenging. The road to global economic recovery has been rough, with many ups and downs, and the performance of the major economies has been pergent. Downward Pssure on China's economy has continued to mount, and we have faced an array of interwoven difficulties and challenges.
在以*同志為黨中央堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，全國(guó)各族人民萬(wàn)眾一心，克難攻堅(jiān)，完成了全年經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展主要目標(biāo)任務(wù)，全面深化改革實(shí)現(xiàn)良好開(kāi)局，全面推進(jìn)依法治國(guó)開(kāi)啟新征程，全面建成小康社會(huì)又邁出堅(jiān)實(shí)步伐。
However, under the firm leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) headed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, all our people have worked together as one, surmounted difficulties, and accomplished the year's main targets for economic and social development, thereby ensuring that we got off to a good start in comPhensively deepening reform, embarked on a new journey to fully advance the law-based governance of China, and again made solid progress in our endeavor to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.
一年來(lái)，我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展總體平穩(wěn)，穩(wěn)中有進(jìn)。“穩(wěn)”的主要標(biāo)志是，經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行處于合理區(qū)間。
During the past year, China has, overall, achieved a stable performance while at the same time securing progress in its economic and social development. The main indication of this stable performance is that the economy operated within an appropriate range.
增速穩(wěn)，國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值達(dá)到63.6萬(wàn)億元，比上年增長(zhǎng)7.4%，在世界主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體中名列前茅。
--The growth rate was steady. China's GDP reached 63.6 trillion yuan, an increase of 7.4% over the Pvious year, making China one of the fastest-growing major economies in the world.
就業(yè)穩(wěn)，城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1322萬(wàn)人，高于上年。
--Employment remained robust, with 13.22 million new urban jobs created, which is higher than the figure for the Pvious year.
價(jià)格穩(wěn)，居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格上漲2%。“進(jìn)”的總體特征是，發(fā)展的協(xié)調(diào)性和可持續(xù)性增強(qiáng)。
--Prices were stable, with the CPI rising by 2%. The underlying feature demonstrating progress is that our development is becoming better coordinated and more sustainable.
經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)有新的優(yōu)化，糧食產(chǎn)量達(dá)到1.21萬(wàn)億斤，消費(fèi)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的貢獻(xiàn)率上升3個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，達(dá)到51.2%，服務(wù)業(yè)增加值比重由46.9%提高到48.2%，新產(chǎn)業(yè)、新業(yè)態(tài)、新商業(yè)模式不斷涌現(xiàn)。
--The economic structure was upgraded. Grain output reached 605 million metric tons; the contribution of consumption toward economic growth rose by three percentage points to 51.2%; the value added of the service sector increased from 46.9% to 48.2% of the GDP; and there was a constant stream of new industries, new types of business, and new business models. The central and western regions grew faster in economic terms than the eastern region.
中西部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增速快于東部地區(qū)。發(fā)展質(zhì)量有新的提升，一般公共預(yù)算收入增長(zhǎng)8.6%，研究與試驗(yàn)發(fā)展經(jīng)費(fèi)支出與國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值之比超過(guò)2%，能耗強(qiáng)度下降4.8%，是近年來(lái)最大降幅。
--The quality of development was raised. Revenue in the general public budgets grew by 8.6%. Research and development spending accounted for more than 2% of the GDP. Energy intensity was cut by 4.8%, the biggest reduction made in recent years.
人民生活有新的改善，全國(guó)居民人均可支配收入實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)8%，快于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)；農(nóng)村居民人均可支配收入實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)9.2%，快于城鎮(zhèn)居民收入增長(zhǎng)；農(nóng)村貧困人口減少1232萬(wàn)人；6600多萬(wàn)農(nóng)村人口飲水安全問(wèn)題得到解決；出境旅游超過(guò)1億人次。
--People's lives were improved. Per capita disposable personal income increased by 8% in real terms nationwide, growing faster than the economy, and the per capita disposable income of rural residents grew by 9.2%, outpacing that of those living in urban areas. In rural areas, the number of people living in poverty was reduced by 12.32 million, and over 66 million more people gained access to safe drinking water. The number of outbound trips made by Chinese tourists exceeded 100 million.
改革開(kāi)放有新的突破，全面深化改革系列重點(diǎn)任務(wù)啟動(dòng)實(shí)施，本屆政府減少1/3行政審批事項(xiàng)的目標(biāo)提前實(shí)現(xiàn)。
--New breakthroughs were made in reform and opening up. A series of key tasks for comPhensively deepening reform were launched, and the goal of the current administration to cut the number of items that require government review by one third was achieved ahead of schedule.
這份成績(jī)單的確來(lái)之不易，它凝聚著全國(guó)各族人民的心血和汗水，堅(jiān)定了我們奮勇前行的決心和信心。
These achievements have not come easily. They have been made possible by the painstaking efforts and hard work of all our people, and they have strengthened our resolve and confidence to keep pushing ahead.
過(guò)去一年，困難和挑戰(zhàn)比預(yù)想的大。我們迎難而上，主要做了以下工作。
Over the past year, we have faced more difficulties and challenges than anticipated. We have risen to the challenge and accomplished the following in our work.
一是在區(qū)間調(diào)控基礎(chǔ)上實(shí)施定向調(diào)控，保持經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)。
First, on the basis of range-based macro regulation, we exercised targeted regulation to keep the economy growing steadily.
面對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力加大態(tài)勢(shì)，我們保持戰(zhàn)略定力，穩(wěn)定宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策，沒(méi)有采取短期強(qiáng)刺激措施，而是繼續(xù)創(chuàng)新宏觀調(diào)控思路和方式，實(shí)行定向調(diào)控，激活力、補(bǔ)短板、強(qiáng)實(shí)體。把握經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行合理區(qū)間的上下限，抓住發(fā)展中的突出矛盾和結(jié)構(gòu)性問(wèn)題，定向施策，聚焦靶心，精準(zhǔn)發(fā)力。向促改革要?jiǎng)恿�，向調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)要助力，向惠民生要潛力，既擴(kuò)大市場(chǎng)需求，又增加有效供給，努力做到結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)優(yōu)而不失速。
In the face of mounting downward economic Pssure, we maintained strategic focus and kept our macroeconomic policy unchanged. Instead of using short-term stimulus measures, we continued to develop new ideas and methods for macro regulation. We exercised targeted regulation, stimulated market activity, shored up our weak spots, and boosted the real economy. With a keen understanding of the appropriate range within which the economy needs to be operating, we adopted targeted steps to address the serious issues and structural problems hindering development. We promoted reform to gain impetus for development, made structural adjustments to produce support for development, and improved living standards to increase the potential for development. We both expanded market demand and increased effective supply, working to ensure that structural adjustments were made without compromising the growth rate.
有效實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策和穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策。實(shí)行定向減稅和普遍性降費(fèi)，拓寬小微企業(yè)稅收優(yōu)惠政策范圍，擴(kuò)大“營(yíng)改增”試點(diǎn)。加快財(cái)政支出進(jìn)度，積極盤(pán)活存量資金。
We have been effectively implementing proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy. We increased targeted tax reductions, reduced fees across the board, extended the coverage of tax relief policies to benefit more small and micro businesses, and expanded the trials to replace business tax with VAT to cover more industries.
靈活運(yùn)用貨幣政策工具，采取定向降準(zhǔn)、定向再貸款、非對(duì)稱(chēng)降息等措施，加大對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展薄弱環(huán)節(jié)的支持力度，小微企業(yè)、“三農(nóng)”貸款增速比各項(xiàng)貸款平均增速分別高4.2和0.7個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。同時(shí)，完善金融監(jiān)管，堅(jiān)決守住不發(fā)生區(qū)域性系統(tǒng)性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的底線。
We sped up the process of making budgetary funds available for fiscal expenditures and put surplus budgetary funds to good use. By flexibly utilizing monetary policy instruments, making targeted cuts to required reserve ratios, carrying out targeted re-lending, and making asymmetric interest rate cuts, we stepped up support for weaker areas in economic and social development. Increases in loans made to small and micro businesses, and loans for agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, outdid the average increase in loans overall by 4.2 and 0.7 percentage points respectively. At the same time, regulation of the financial sector was improved and regional and systemic risks were forestalled.
二是深化改革開(kāi)放，激發(fā)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展活力。
Second, we deepened reform and opening up and invigorated economic and social development.
針對(duì)束縛發(fā)展的體制機(jī)制障礙，我們通過(guò)全面深化改革，以釋放市場(chǎng)活力對(duì)沖經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力，啃了不少硬骨頭，經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化、社會(huì)、生態(tài)文明等體制改革全面推進(jìn)。
To address obstructions holding back development caused by certain systems and mechanisms, we comPhensively deepened reform, invigorating the market to offset downward economic Pssure. We tackled many tough issues and carried out structural reforms in the economic, political, cultural, societal, and ecological sectors.
扎實(shí)推動(dòng)重點(diǎn)改革。制定并實(shí)施深化財(cái)稅體制改革總體方案，預(yù)算管理制度和稅制改革取得重要進(jìn)展，專(zhuān)項(xiàng)轉(zhuǎn)移支付項(xiàng)目比上年減少1/3以上，一般性轉(zhuǎn)移支付比重增加，地方政府性債務(wù)管理得到加強(qiáng)。存款利率和匯率浮動(dòng)區(qū)間擴(kuò)大，民營(yíng)銀行試點(diǎn)邁出新步伐，“滬港通”試點(diǎn)啟動(dòng)，外匯儲(chǔ)備、保險(xiǎn)資金運(yùn)用范圍拓展。能源、交通、環(huán)保、通信等領(lǐng)域價(jià)格改革加快。啟動(dòng)科技資金管理、考試招生、戶籍、機(jī)關(guān)事業(yè)單位養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度等改革。
We have made solid progress in key reforms. We formulated and implemented a coordinated plan for deepening the reform of the fiscal and tax systems. Important progress was made in the reform of the budgetary management and tax systems. The number of items receiving special transfer payments was over one third less than that of the Pvious year, and the proportion of transfer payments for general purposes was increased. Management of local government debt was strengthened. The floating ranges of interest rates on deposits and exchange rates were expanded. New steps were taken in the trials to establish private banks. The Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect was launched on a trial basis. The scope for using foreign exchange reserves and insurance funds was broadened. Price reforms in energy, transport, environmental protection, and communications were accelerated. We launched reforms to the system for managing research and development funding, the school examination and enrollment systems, the household registration system, and the pension system for employees of Party and government offices and public institutions.
繼續(xù)把簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)、放管結(jié)合作為改革的重頭戲。國(guó)務(wù)院各部門(mén)全年取消和下放246項(xiàng)行政審批事項(xiàng)，取消評(píng)比達(dá)標(biāo)表彰項(xiàng)目29項(xiàng)、職業(yè)資格許可和認(rèn)定事項(xiàng)149 項(xiàng)，再次修訂投資項(xiàng)目核準(zhǔn)目錄，大幅縮減核準(zhǔn)范圍。著力改革商事制度，新登記注冊(cè)市場(chǎng)主體達(dá)到1293萬(wàn)戶，其中新登記注冊(cè)企業(yè)增長(zhǎng)45.9%，形成新的創(chuàng)業(yè)熱潮。經(jīng)濟(jì)增速放緩，新增就業(yè)不降反增，顯示了改革的巨大威力和市場(chǎng)的無(wú)限潛力。
We have continued to give the central stage in reform to streamlining administration and delegating more powers to lower-level governments and to society in general while improving regulation. Over the course of the year, departments under the State Council cancelled the requirement of or delegated the power for review on 246 items. We cancelled 29 performance eva luations, inspections on the meeting of standards, and commendations, and 149 verifications and approvals of vocational qualifications. We again revised and significantly shortened the list of investment projects requiring government review. We channeled great effort into the reform of the business system. The number of newly registered market entities reached 12.93 million, with that of enterprises increasing by 45.9%, creating a fresh surge of entrePneurial activity. While economic growth slowed down,more jobs were created, which fully demonstrates both the tremendous power of reform and the endless potential of the market.
以開(kāi)放促改革促發(fā)展。擴(kuò)展上海自由貿(mào)易試驗(yàn)區(qū)范圍，新設(shè)廣東、天津、福建自由貿(mào)易試驗(yàn)區(qū)。穩(wěn)定出口，增加進(jìn)口，出口占國(guó)際市場(chǎng)份額繼續(xù)提升。實(shí)際使用外商直接投資1196億美元，居世界首位。對(duì)外直接投資1029億美元，與利用外資并駕齊驅(qū)。中國(guó)與冰島、瑞士自貿(mào)區(qū)啟動(dòng)實(shí)施，中韓、中澳自貿(mào)區(qū)完成實(shí)質(zhì)性談判。鐵路、電力、油氣、通信等領(lǐng)域?qū)ν夂献魅〉弥匾晒�，中�?guó)裝備正大步走向世界。
We drew on further opening up to boost reform and development. We expanded the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone and established similar zones in Guangdong, Tianjin, and Fujian. We worked to keep exports stable and increase imports, and China's international market share in exports continued to increase. Foreign direct investment actually made in China reached $119.6 billion, making the country the world's top destination for foreign direct investment. China's outward foreign direct investment reached $102.9 billion, meaning that outward investment has come to draw even with inward investment. China's free trade zone arrangements with Iceland and Switzerland were officially launched, and China completed substantive talks on free trade zones with the Republic of Korea and Australia. Major progress was made in cooperation with other countries in fields such as railways, electric power, oil, natural gas, and communications. Chinese equipment is making significant strides into the international market.
